What Are Sunburned Eyes (Photokeratitis)?
Most people know that UV rays can cause sunburn on the skin, but few realize they can also damage the eyes. Sunburned eyes, medically known as photokeratitis, happen when ultraviolet (UV) radiation burns the cornea—the clear front surface of the eye. This condition is temporary but can be extremely painful and may lead to serious long-term consequences if repeated often.
How UV Rays Affect the Cornea
The cornea acts as a natural filter, blocking some harmful light from entering the eye. However, prolonged exposure to strong UV rays—especially from sunlight, snow reflection, or tanning beds—can overwhelm the cornea. The result is a painful burn similar to sunburn on the skin.
Causes of Sunburned Eyes in Daily Life
Everyday activities can expose your eyes to harmful UV rays, including:
- Spending long hours outdoors without sunglasses
- Skiing or snowboarding at high altitudes
- Using tanning beds without proper eye protection
- Being near water, sand, or snow, which reflects sunlight
Symptoms of Sunburned Eyes You Should Never Ignore
Early Signs and Discomfort
The first signs of photokeratitis may appear within a few hours of exposure. These include:
- Redness and tearing
- Gritty feeling in the eyes
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Blurred vision
Severe Cases and Complications
In more serious cases, symptoms can worsen and lead to:
- Swollen eyelids
- Intense pain or headache
- Temporary vision loss
- Halos around lights
Ignoring these signs can increase the risk of chronic eye damage.
Common Situations That Lead to Sunburned Eyes
Outdoor Activities and Sports
Hikers, beachgoers, and outdoor sports enthusiasts are particularly vulnerable to UV eye damage. Prolonged sun exposure without proper eyewear increases the risk.
Risks from Snow, Sand, and Water Reflections
UV rays reflect off surfaces like snow (up to 80%), water (up to 25%), and sand (up to 15%). This reflection can double UV exposure, even on cloudy days.
Tanning Beds and Artificial UV Sources
Tanning beds emit high levels of UV radiation, which can severely damage the cornea if protective goggles aren’t worn.
How to Treat Sunburned Eyes at Home Safely
Immediate Relief Measures
If you suspect photokeratitis:
- Remove contact lenses immediately
- Stay in a dark room and rest your eyes
- Apply a cold, damp cloth over closed eyelids
- Use preservative-free lubricating eye drops
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek medical attention if:
- Pain or redness persists after 24 hours
- Vision becomes blurry or reduced
- You notice discharge or swelling
An ophthalmologist may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment to prevent infection.
Prevention Tips to Protect Your Eyes from UV Damage
Choosing the Right Sunglasses with UV Protection
Select sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound styles provide extra coverage.
Wearing Hats and Visors
A wide-brimmed hat can reduce UV exposure to the eyes by up to 50%.
Eye Safety for Skiing, Boating, and Beaches
Special polarized goggles or sunglasses are essential for skiing, snowboarding, or water sports to reduce glare and UV reflection.
Myths vs. Facts About Sunburned Eyes
Can Eyes Really Get a Tan?
Yes. While eyes don’t “tan” like skin, the cornea can burn from UV exposure, leading to redness, irritation, and temporary vision problems.
Do Clouds Protect Against UV Exposure?
No. Up to 80% of UV rays can pass through clouds, so protection is necessary even on overcast days.
Long-Term Risks of Repeated Eye Sunburn
Repeated UV damage can increase the risk of:
- Cataracts – clouding of the eye’s lens
- Macular degeneration – a leading cause of vision loss
- Eye cancer – rare but linked to chronic UV exposure
Best Eye Drops and Remedies Recommended by Experts
Doctors recommend preservative-free artificial tears, cold compresses, and avoiding rubbing the eyes. In severe cases, antibiotic ointments or steroid drops may be prescribed.
How to Choose UV-Protective Contact Lenses
Some contact lenses come with built-in UV filters, offering extra protection. However, they should never replace sunglasses as they only cover part of the eye.
FAQs About Sunburned Eyes
1. How long do sunburned eyes take to heal?
Most cases heal within 24–48 hours, but severe burns may take longer.
2. Can you go blind from sunburned eyes?
Temporary vision loss is possible, but permanent blindness is rare with proper treatment.
3. Do regular glasses protect from UV rays?
No. Unless they have a UV-protective coating, regular lenses don’t block UV rays.
4. Should I use antibiotic drops without a prescription?
No. Only use medications prescribed by a doctor.
5. Can kids get sunburned eyes more easily?
Yes, children’s eyes are more sensitive to UV damage due to larger pupils and clearer lenses.
6. Can sunscreen protect the eyes?
No. Sunscreen should never be applied to the eyes. Instead, use UV-blocking sunglasses.
Conclusion: Protecting Your Vision for the Future
Sunburned eyes may sound harmless, but repeated exposure to UV rays can have serious long-term consequences. By wearing sunglasses, hats, and UV-blocking lenses, you can protect your vision for years to come.
